India has officially mandated the nationwide sale of petrol blended with up to 20% ethanol (E20) from April 1, 2026. The directive applies across all states and Union Territories, according to a notification issued by the oil ministry on February 17.
Under the new rule, oil marketing companies must supply ethanol-blended motor spirit that meets Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications and carries a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 95. However, the central government retains the authority to grant temporary exemptions for specific regions in special circumstances.
Why Ethanol Blending?
Ethanol, produced from sugarcane, maize, and other grains, is a renewable and domestically sourced fuel additive. It burns cleaner than pure petrol and helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The blending policy is aimed at:
- Reducing dependence on crude oil imports
- Lowering emissions
- Supporting farmers by boosting demand for agricultural produce
Since 2014-15, India has reportedly saved over ₹1.40 lakh crore in foreign exchange through ethanol blending in petrol.
Impact on Vehicles
Most vehicles manufactured between 2023 and 2025 onward are designed to operate on E20 fuel without significant issues.
However, older vehicles may experience:
- A minor drop in mileage (estimated between 3% and 7%)
- Slight wear in rubber and plastic components over time
The government’s insistence on a minimum RON of 95 aims to safeguard engine performance and prevent damage.
What Is RON and Why Does It Matter?
Research Octane Number (RON) measures a fuel’s resistance to engine knocking — a condition where fuel burns unevenly under high compression, causing a pinging sound and potential long-term engine damage.
Higher RON means better resistance to knocking. Ethanol naturally has a high octane rating (around 108 RON), and blending 20% ethanol enhances the fuel’s stability under pressure.
Accelerated Target
India achieved 10% ethanol blending in June 2022, ahead of schedule. Encouraged by this progress, the government advanced its 20% blending target from 2030 to 2025-26. Today, most fuel stations already offer E20 petrol.
The mandatory nationwide rollout marks a significant step in India’s push toward energy security and cleaner mobility.
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